Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given below:

Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anthropology, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce and Accountancy, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law, Management, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, and International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology.

GEOLOGY

PAPER-I

1. General Geology :

The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth and age of earth; Volcanoes—causes and products, Volcanic belts. Earthquakes—causes, effects, seismic of zone of India; Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges; Continental drift; Seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy.

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing :

Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; hydrology and environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent.

Aerial photographs and their interpretation—merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum. Orbiting Satellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote  Sensing  Satellites.  Satellite  data  products; Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)—its applications.

3. Structural Geology :

Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed  rocks. Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions.  Folds  and  faults  classification  and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities; Time- relationship between crystallization and deformation.

4. Paleontology :

Species—definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils  in  correlation,  petroleum  exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna.

Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance.

5. Indian Stratigraphy :

Classification of stratigraphic sequences:  lithostrati-graphic,  biostratigraphic,  chrono-stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic  and their interrelationships;  Distribution and classification of  Precambrian  rocks of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India  with  reference  to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary  problems—Cambrian/  Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of  climatic  conditions, paleogeography and igneous  activity  in the Indian sub-continent  in the  geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology :

Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge; Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geological investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides causes, prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures.