Context:

Recently, India and China have reached an agreement on patrolling arrangements to resolve the military standoff at the Line of Actual Control (LAC). 

More on the News

• This agreement marks a pivotal moment, especially in light of ongoing tensions that escalated in 2020, particularly at key friction points like Demchok and Depsang.
• The announcement indicates that diplomatic efforts over recent weeks have culminated in an agreement regarding patrolling arrangements and the resolution of various friction points.
• Still, the situation will remain the same at other friction points — Galwan Valley and Pangong Tso — where troops were withdrawn two years ago to create a buffer zone.

Agreement Details

Patrolling Resumed: External Affairs Minister of India emphasized that normal patrolling along the LAC will resume, as it was before the disruptions in 2020, aims to restore military normalcy.

Buffer Zones Status: While specific details about the buffer zones created during the standoff remain unclear, officials indicated that ongoing discussions have led to a consensus that addresses these contentious areas.

• This development suggests a potential return to more stable relations.

The Galwan Clash Backdrop

• On June 15, 2020, Indian and Chinese troops clashed in the Galwan Valley, marking a significant escalation along the Line of Control. 
• This deadly confrontation was the first since 1975, resulting in 20 Indian soldiers' deaths and uncertain numbers of Chinese casualties. 
• The clash stemmed from border infrastructure developments and differing perceptions of the LAC. Following this incident, both sides engaged in de-escalation talks amid rising tensions.

Other Friction Points

• In addition to Galwan, several other friction points exist along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). These areas are rooted in historical disputes from the 1962 war.
• Demchok: Demchok is divided by the LAC, with India controlling the west and China the east. Both sides claim the western part, complicating matters based on historical treaties and LAC alignment, leading to recent disengagement discussions.
• Pangong: Pangong Lake's territory is split, with 50% under Chinese control, 40% in Ladakh, and 10% disputed. Conflicting LAC perceptions have resulted in military standoffs and buffer zones, reflecting ongoing tensions and strategic positioning by both nations.
• Hot Springs: Near Gogra Post, the Hot Springs area is crucial for India’s surveillance over the LAC. Controlling this region enhances India's defence posture, providing essential vantage points for monitoring movements in Aksai Chin.
• Depsang: Important for India due to their access to the Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO) airstrip and the strategic Darbuk-Shyok-DBO road.  Control here is essential to prevent Chinese threats to crucial logistics, underpinning India's northern border defence.