Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): 

• It is a hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age. 
• It can cause irregular periods, excess hair fall, weight gain, and other symptoms. 
• While lifestyle adjustments remain the foundation of PCOS management, medical interventions offer additional support. 
• 5 to 10 % of body weight reduction has been shown to restore ovulatory function and alleviate symptoms of it.
• Assisted reproductive techniques, including intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), offer viable solutions for those facing fertility challenges. 

Earthquake swarm (Greece’s Santorini):

• The ongoing swarm of earthquakes near Santorini continues to baffle scientists, keeping disaster risk management teams and equally people in general on high alert and suspense.
• Santorini is essentially a massive volcanic caldera with two small islets at its submerged center.
• It has a long and turbulent volcanic history spanning 650,000 years. 
• It has witnessed catastrophic eruptions, including a cataclysmic blast around 1560 B.C. that contributed to the collapse of a civilization, a major explosion in A.D. 726, and even a moderate eruption in 1950. 

Sovereign Green Bond:

• India has issued sovereign green bonds to support its transition to a low-carbon economy, but investor interest remains low.
• Sovereign Green Bonds (SGrBs) are issued by sovereign entities such as the Government of India, which created a framework for their issuance in 2022. 
• These bonds finance "green projects" aimed at improving energy efficiency, lowering carbon emissions, strengthening climate resilience, and preserving natural ecosystems.

Majorana 1: 

• Microsoft recently announced, that it has developed a new quantum computing chip called Majorana 1.
• The company considers Majorana 1 to be a breakthrough primarily because the chip has been developed by engineering particles that exist in a new state of matter.
• With Majorana 1, Microsoft expects to build quantum computers capable of solving meaningful, industrial-scale problems in upcoming years. 
• Majorana 1 is powered by a unique Topological Core architecture that allows it to be potentially scaled up to a million qubits.

Double, or bilateral, pneumonia:

• Pope Francis, the 88-year-old head of the Roman Catholic Church, is in hospital being treated for double pneumonia following a respiratory infection.
• The pope has bilateral pneumonia, known informally as double pneumonia, and means both lungs are affected.
• The most likely cause of pneumonia is an infection caused by a bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae. 

In vitro gametogenesis: 

• It refers to the process of generating functional eggs or sperm in a laboratory setting from isolated germ cells or induced Pluripotent stem cells (iPSC).
• It could help infertile couples, older women, and same-sex partners have biological children. 
• Additionally, their harmful genetic traits could be edited out, potentially revolutionizing reproductive medicine. 
• So men with low sperm counts and women with poor quality and a low number of eggs could still have their babies with their stem cells. 

Nari Adalat: 

• It is considered a mechanism of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism to women at the local level. 
• The Nari Adalat scheme under the WCD Ministry entails groups of women at the gram panchayat level resolving grievances of women who have been denied their rights. 
• The members of the Nari Adalat – around seven to 11 members called ‘nyaya sakhis’ are nominated by the gram panchayat.

Arribada (olive ridley turtles): 

• Nearly 3 lakh Olive Ridley turtles have arrived for mass nesting in Odisha.
• An arribada is a mass nesting event by olive ridley sea turtles, where thousands of female turtles come ashore to lay eggs at the same time. 
• The word arribada is Spanish for "arrival". 
• The beaches of Rushikulya and Gahirmatha in Odisha, India are home to a mass nesting site for olive ridley turtles